Impact of Mother Tongue on Learning English Language on Secondary School Level Students

The study investigates the impact of mother tongue achievement of English learning students of Secondary school level who speak sraiki, Urdu or Punjabi has been included in study. Language is an important phenomenon without which the process of education in the classroom cannot be achieved. The study focuses on learning of English by Pakistani students. Pakistan has a colonial background English was introduced in the subcontinent in the 17th century. English has been in official use in this area since 1857. English is a compulsory subject in primary and secondary level in Pakistan new. Little effort is done to enforce the use of English in day today interaction among the student in school. The influence of mother tongues (Saraiki, Punjabi & Urdu) may affect the learning of English language. Three groups of  60 Students secondary level (Metric) having three different mother tongues (Saraiki, Punjabi & Urdu) were randomly selected  from different schools of Tehsil jampur  each group have 20 Students.CHI-SQUARE ANYLYSIS maintains our null hypothesis. The conclusion shows that no mother tongue has particular influence in the process of learning English language. Keywords: Mother tongue, English learning, chi-squar

Prevalence of Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak in Traumatic Head Injury at a Tertiary Care Center

Background: Cerebrospinal fluid circulates around the surface of brain and spinal cord and through the brain’s ventricles. CSF leak is a condition that occurs when the CSF leaks through a defect in the dura or skull and out through the ear or nose. The most common causes of CSF leak include head injury, brain and sinus surgery. The objective of this study was to determine the frequencies of post-traumatic cerebrospinal fluid leak in traumatic head injury. Material and Methods: A descriptive case series was carried out in the Department of Neurosurgery, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar for a period of 1 year, from 1st February 2016 to 31st January 2017. A total of 422 patients presenting within 48 hours of acute trauma to the head were included in a consecutive manner and followed up till 7th day to determine the CSF leak. Results: The mean age group of our sample was 37.37 + 12.3 years of which 79.6% were male patients and 20.4% female patients. Most of the patients (55.5%) were ≤ 40 years of age. CSF leak was observed in 5.2% of patients, with otorrhea seen in 2.1% patients and rhinorrhea in 3.1% patients, respectively. Conclusion: CSF leak is quite common in our population after acute trauma to the head. The high prevalence may be due to high frequency of accidents in our society with high velocity impact and more commonly seen in the younger age group (≤ 40 years)

The Role of Rater Motivation and Training in Effective Performance Appraisal System in Public Sector Universities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Performance appraisal is considered to be the most significant element of performance management but often the former involves controversial practices, among other variables influenced by accuracy and effectiveness. However, it is generally understood that performance appraisal system commonly result into positive organizational outcomes, yet the accuracy of the measuring tools is still an arguable issue with more criticisms. The ongoing matters are measured and tested as a case study approach by paying attention on higher education institutions. Since higher education is progressively playing a vital role in economic competitiveness of a country. Aiming to examine the effect of rater motivation and rater training on performance appraisal process in public sector universities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan and recognized as a critical contribution to organizational and people’s performance. Thus, this study finds the effects and consequences of rater motivation and rater training on performance appraisal system. This study is survey based, 300 questionnaires in total were distributed among the faculty of public sector universities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan. Out of which 160 were received back recording response rate of 53%. Findings of this study indicate that there was positive and significant relationship between rater motivation and performance appraisal and also between rater training and performance appraisal in public sector universities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The current study offers researchers with the opportunity to search performance appraisal from a new perspective which has never been explored before in a developing country like Pakistan

The Effect of Total Quality Management on Firm Performance with the Mediating Roles of Innovation and Knowledge Management in Small Medium Enterprises

In the present era, the policy and decision makers are quite concerned regarding quality, hence the firms are more intricate and facing questions concerning which quality management practice would be adopted to increase the firm’s performance. The primary objective of this paper was to identify the effect of total quality management on firm’s performance through the mediating roles of innovation and knowledge management in the SME’S of Pakistan. A sum of 280 respondents was selected for data collection from various SME’S and employing a structural equation modelling for data analysis. It was summed up that a statistically significant causal correlation has been found among the TQM, innovation, knowledge management and firm’s performance. This article is established on theories like resource based theory and institutional theory. The results give cognitive understandings regarding how the modern as well as present SME’s would accomplish higher performance and consistent competitiveness through the interplay of these variables in the local and international market

Limon otu (Cymbopogon erectus) ekstresinin etkisi altında ayçiçeği (Helianthus annuus) bitkilerinin biyokütle üretiminde varyasyon

Plant extract is being used for crop yield and biomass enhancement since long time. Using plants extract for the enhancement of growth of other plant is a worthwhile strategy so as to enhance crop yield and crop biomass. Current study is an attempt to increase growth in sunflower plants using lemongrass foliar extract. For this purpose, various trials based on computer modeling have conducted. Pot experiment of sunflower plants has performed in greenhouse conditions that have irrigated by different concentrations of lemongrass extract. Results show that lower concentrations produced significant gain in biomass of crop i.e. greater fresh and dry weight was achieved by 1% samples (7.4±0.8mg and 2.0±0.3mg respectively) while lowest fresh and dry weight attained by 3% samples (2.5±0.2mg and 1.1±0.1mg respectively). Absolute growth rate (AGR) and Relative growth rate (RGR) of the plants are obtained in sequential order of treatment. Control, 0.5% and 2% samples form close linear fit to the model while 0.5% samples produce long tailed positive correlation fit whereas 3% samples are negatively fitted to the model. CDF model produce closely fitted relationship of 1% and control samples while 3% samples negatively corresponded to normal fit. Therefore, current study suggests promoting an efficient agriculture strategy that would be helpful in biomass gain of the crops to sequester carbon and effectively take part in climate mitigation.Bitki özütü, uzun süredir ürün verimi ve biyokütle arttırımı için kullanılmaktadır. Bitki ekstraktının diğer bitkilerin büyümesini arttırmak için kullanılması, mahsul verimini ve bitki biyokütlesini arttırmak için değerli bir stratejidir. Mevcut çalışma limon yaprakçık özü kullanarak ayçiçeği bitkilerinde büyümeyi artırma girişimidir. Bu amaçla bilgisayar modellemesine dayalı çeşitli denemeler yapılmıştır. Ayçiçeği bitkilerinin pot deneyi, farklı konsantrasyonlarda limon otu ekstresi ile sulanan sera koşullarında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sonuçlar, daha düşük konsantrasyonların mahsul biyokütlesinde önemli bir kazanç sağladığını, yani daha yüksek taze ve kuru ağırlığın% 1 numunelerle (sırasıyla 7.4 ± 0.8mg ve 2.0 ± 0.3mg), en düşük taze ve kuru ağırlığın ise% 3 numunelerle (2.5 ± Sırasıyla 0.2mg ve 1.1 ± 0.1mg) elde edildiğini gösterir. Bitkilerin mutlak büyüme oranı (AGR) ve nispi büyüme oranı (RGR), sırayla değerlendirme sırasına göre elde edilir. Kontrol,% 0.5 ve% 2 numuneler modele yakın doğrusal uyum sağlarken,% 0.5 numuneler uzun kuyruklu pozitif korelasyon uyumu üretir. % 3 numuneler modele negatif bağlanmıştır. CDF modeli % 1 ile yakın ilişki kurar ve kontrol numuneleri oluştururken,% 3 örnekler normal uyuma negatif olarak karşılık gelir. Bu nedenle, mevcut çalışma, karbonu ayırmak ve iklimin azaltılmasında etkin bir şekilde yer almak için bitkilerin biyokütle kazancında yardımcı olacak verimli bir tarım stratejisinin geliştirilmesini önermektedir